1603 Death of Elizabeth I; James VI of Scotland becomes James I of England: union of Scottish and English crowns. Scotland retains its own parliament and remains an independent political entity in competition with England.

 

 

1688 Glorious Revolution: James II flees to France; William of Orange and Mary succeed to throne.

1694 Bank of England founded. “Invention” of National Debt: state borrows money from national bank and promises to repay.

1695 Bank of Scotland founded loan with future taxes.

 

1701 Act of Settlement: excludes non-Anglican monarch from throne and declares House of Hanover next in line of succession.

1702 Anne Stuart (last Protestant Stuart) crowned

 

1707 The Union of Scotland and England; formation of the state of Great Britain: Scottish parliament dissolved; Scots receive a number of seats in English (now British) parliament.

 

1713 Treaty of Utrecht ends War of Spanish Succession (begun 1701) and earns Britain colonies in the West Indies as well as the “assiento,” the monopoly for the trans-atlantic slave trade to the Spanish colonies in the Americas.

1713 Windsor-Forest first published

1715 First Jacobite Rebellion – James Francis Edward Stuart (James III, “The Old Pretender”)

 

 

1740 “Rule, Britannia” first performed as part of Alfred. A Masque

 

1745 Second Jacobite Rebellion – Charles Edward Stuart (“The Young Pretender,” “Bonny Prince Charly”)