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Hamlet's Madness and How Other Characters Explain It

Polonius

"How say you by that? Still harping on my daughter. Yet he knew me not at first--a said I was a fishmonger. A is far gone, far gone, and truly, in my youth I suffered much extremity for love, very near this." (2.2 187-90)

"But yet do I believe / The origin and commencement of this grief / Sprung from neglected love" (3.2 175-7)

Gertrude "I doubt it is no other but the main-- / His father's death and our o'er-hasty marriage" (2.2 56-7)
Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, with Hamlet Rosencrantz: Good my lord, what is the cause of distemper? You do freely bar the door of your own liberty if you deny your griefs to your friend.
Hamlet: Sir, I lack advancement.
Rosencrantz: How can that be when you have the voice of the King himself for your succession in Denmark?
Hamlet, when with Ophelia "God hath given you one face, and you make yourselves another. You jig, you amble, and you lisp, and nickname God's creatures, and make your wantonness your ignorance. Go to, I'll no more on't. It hath made me mad. I say we will have no more marriages." (3.1 142-47)
Claudius "Love? His affections do not that way tend, / Nor what he spake, though it lacked form a little, / Was not like madness. There's something in his soul / O'er which his melancholy sits on brood, / And I do doubt the hatch and the disclose / Will be some danger" (3.1 161-6)