Russian fur traders came to hunt for furs from the north. They would attack the villages and kidnap the woman & children and used the women as whores and the others as forced laborers. They were killed and tortured to enforce compliance. (Giese) 

The treaty at Fort Meigs compells the Ojibwe to exchange their remaining lands in Ohio for reservations. 

Spanish missionaries enslave the Coast Miwok Indians and force them to build the Mission San Rafael Archangel. 

William Apes (Pequot), Son of the Forest 

The Coast Miwok Indians attack and destroy the Mission San Rafael Archangel. 

Bear flag was raised at Sonoma to signify the start of the American revolt against the Spanish and the Russians 

George Copway (Ojibwa), Life, History, and Travels of Kah-ge-ga-gah-bowh  

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ended the Mexican War by ceded New Mexico and other territory to the United States. 

A detachment of the Army led by Capt. Nathaniel Lyon entered Clear Lake to punish Indians. On the island by the North shore of Clear Lake 188 men, women and children were slaughtered with axes and hatchets (Giese). This is known as the Bloody Island massacre.  

Treaty at Fort Atkinson. The Kiowa pledge peace with the United States in return for an annual supply of $18,000 in goods.  

John Rollin Ridge (Cherokee), The Life and Adventures of Joaquin Murieta 

In 1862, the Coeur d’Alenes completed Mullan Road, a major route across the Northwest which served the area for half a century.  

Navajo Long Walk 

The Kiowa sign an agreement to live on a reservation. In return they are to receive more goods annually. The U.S. government also agrees to protect the Kiowa from unprovoked attacks by citizens and soldiers. 

Congress abandoned the treaty process with American Indians denying their sovereignty. 

Battle of Adobe walls in Texas. Last large battle of the Kiowa against U.S. Government. After losing this fight the Kiowa decided to pursue their goals through peaceful means. 

The United States government crushes the Kiowa's winter camps. This forces the Kiowa to move onto reservations in order to avoid starvation. A total of 2,500 Kiowa and Comanche make the move. 

In 1877, General William Tecumseh Sherman situated a military post in the area of the Coeur d’Alene. Fort Sherman troops were involved in the Spanish-American War before the post was abandoned in 1901.  

Dispute over Laguna land for westward expansion of the Atlantic & Pacific Railroad lines, later the Santa Fe RR. An oral agreement was made called "watering the flower," where Lagunas would be employed on a yearly basis by the railroad. 

The first Christian church is built on reservation land. Some Kiowas convert to Christianity. The Kiowa take traditional songs meant to worship the Great Spirit and his son and apply them to Christian concepts of God and his son. 

In 1883, gold was discovered along the North Fork of the Coeur d'Alene River, and silver was coaxed from the south side of the Coeur d'Alene Mountains near Wallace, which attracted many more people to the area of the Coeur d’Alene. 

The Dawes Act or General Allotment Act was passed. Each Indian family head (man) was assigned 160 acres of land to be held in trust for 25 years or until Indians adopted "the habits of civilized life." 

In 1889, the Northern Pacific Railroad was completed, and steamboat traffic began to flourish on Lake Coeur d’Alene as the lakes and rivers were used to move supplies to mining and lumber camps. The steamboat shipping on the lake helped deliver the region’s mineral wealth to the world.  

S. Alice Callahan (Cherokee), Wynema 

The Curtis Act was passed that dissolved tribal governments as legal institutions.